Bioterrorism and other threats to food web sites
Federal Government/Private Sector Partnerships
State and Local Government Web Sites
- Bioterrorism (Department of Health, South Dakota)
- Bioterrorism (Department of State Health Services, Texas)
- Bioterrorism (Department of Health, Kentucky)
- Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response (Department of Human Services, Oregon)
- Bio-terrorism & Disaster Preparedness Emergency Response (Department of Environmental Health, San Diego, CA)
- Emergency Preparedness for Families, Individuals, Households and Pets (New Jersey)
- Food Defense Strategies - A Self-Assessment Guide for Food Service Operators (Department of Health, New York)
- Food Security (Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Virginia)
- Food Security Guide For the Public, Producers, Processors, Transporters, and Retailers (Division of Food Safety, Florida)
- How to Prevent Food Tampering - A Guide for Food Service Establishment Operators (Department of Health, New York)
- Industry Vulnerability Assessment for Food Security (available in PDF) (Department of Health Services, Arizona)
- Prevention of Terrorist Activities in Food and Dairy Facilities (Department of Agriculture, Minnesota)
- Public Health Emergency Preparedness (Department of Health, New York City, NY)
International Web Sites
- Protecting the Security of the Food Supply (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)
- Terrorist Threats to Food (WHO) (available in PDF)
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General Information
Public Health Initiatives/
Actions/Preparedness
- Project BioShield Act of 2004
- FDA Crisis Management
- Drug Preparedness and Response to Bioterrorism (FDA/CDER)
- Emergency Preparedness and Response (CDC)
- Toxicological Research
(FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research)
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General Information
Public Health Initiatives/
Actions/Preparedness
- Project BioShield Act of 2004
- FDA Crisis Management
- Drug Preparedness and Response to Bioterrorism (FDA/CDER)
- Emergency Preparedness and Response (CDC)
- Toxicological Research
(FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research)
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Food Security
Biological Agents
Anthrax Information
Anthrax Vaccine/Treatments
Smallpox Information
Other Biological Agents
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Joint FDA-CBP Plan for Increasing Integration and
Assessing the Coordination of Prior Notice Timeframes
On October 10, 2003, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) issued an interim final rule (IFR) to implement new section 801(m) of the FD&C Act (21 USC 381(m)), added by section 307 of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (Bioterrorism Act), which required prior notification of imported food to begin on December 12, 2003. The Prior Notice IFR requires the submission to FDA of prior notice of food, including animal feed, that is imported or offered for import into the United States (68 FR 58974). In the preamble to the Prior Notice IFR (68 FR 58995), we stated that, by March 12, 2004, FDA and CBP would publish a plan, including an implementation schedule, to achieve the goal of a uniform, integrated system and to coordinate timeframes for import prior notice information while fulfilling the Bioterrorism Act mandates for air and truck modes of transportation with timeframes promulgated by CBP when it finalizes its rule entitled "Required Advance Electronic Presentation of Cargo Information." On December 5, 2003, CBP issued its Required Advance Electronic Presentation of Cargo Information Final Rule (the Advance Electronic Information Rule) (68 FR 68140). The relevant timeframes provided in the Advance Electronic Information Rule are as follows:
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1 hour before arrival by land by road, or 30 minutes for participants in FAST/C-TPAT;
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2 hours before arrival by land by rail; and
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By "wheels up" for flights originating in North and Central America, South America (north of the Equator only), the Caribbean, and Bermuda; otherwise 4 hours before arrival by air.
Increased Integration
FDA and CBP are currently working to increase integration in the following ways:
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Co-location of all FDA PN staff with CBP's National Targeting Center (NTC 1);
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Further refinement to FDA's targeting rule sets in CBP's Automated Targeting System (ATS), coupled with additional training in targeting techniques;
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Continued targeting support from CBP and other Federal law enforcement analysts at the NTC; and
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Enhancement of communications and cooperation with CBP to facilitate information exchange and ensure expeditious access to foods subject to prior notice holds.
Assessing Reduced Timeframes
FDA and CBP continuously are assessing the completeness of prior notice submissions received as well as the amount of time necessary to receive, review, and respond to those submissions requiring a human review. However, that process is not yet complete, as we are currently operating under the enforcement policies outlined in the Prior Notice Compliance Policy Guide (CPG). See Compliance Policy Guide Sec. 110.310--Prior Notice of Imported Food Under the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. (Issued December 15, 2003, and revised June and August 2004; http://www.fda.gov/ora under "Compliance References".) We currently do not receive prior notice for all shipments.
FDA and CBP announce the following plan, which we intend to implement in November 2004.
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From November 1, 2004, to January 3, 2005, we plan to assess existing procedures and staffing needed to receive, review, and respond to the prior notices submitted in accordance with the Prior Notice IFR (i.e., 2 hours before arrival by land by road; 4 hours before arrival by air or by land by rail; and 8 hours before arrival by water).
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From January 4, 2005, to February 3, 2005, we intend to identify what changes to work practices and staffing would be necessary to determine if FDA could continue to receive, review, and respond to all prior notice submissions with reduced timeframes (e.g., 1 hour/30 minutes before arrival by land by road; 2 hours before arrival by land by rail; and by "wheels up" for flights originating in North and Central America, South America (north of the Equator only), the Caribbean, and Bermuda; otherwise 4 hours before arrival by air).
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From February 4, 2005, to May 3, 2005, we plan to implement necessary changes and make appropriate adjustments to ensure we could receive, review, and respond to all prior notice submissions with reduced timeframes.
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In June 2005, we intend to issue a prior notice final rule that responds to the comments we received on the Prior Notice IFR, including this plan, during the two open comment periods.
Under the statute, any timeframe must be sufficient to receive, review, and respond to prior notice submissions, as set out in section 801(m)(2)(A) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 USC 801(m)(2)(A). The agencies emphasize that the evaluation of whether to reduce the timeframes for prior notice review will depend on the level of compliance industry achieves during the assessment. If we are unable to make such an assessment, our intended timeframe for issuing a prior notice final rule may be delayed.
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